Tenses

Explanation and exercises;
1. Verb and Tense

Adverb

Explanation link:

1. http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adverbs.htm
2.  

Exercise link:

1. http://www.learnenglish.de/Games/Adverbs/Adverbs.htm 
2.  

Task VI

Choose one of the following topics and make a composition on it. It is about comparing something with another.

1. Comparing between your senior high school (SMA) and  your college (UMS) class.
2. Comparing between your hometown and Solo.
3. Comparing between teenage and adult life.
4. Comparing between you and your brother/sister/parent (choose one).

The thing you must consider is that the more aspects you can compare, the better. If you find more aspects to be compare while you have made a comment, do not hesitate to make another one which you think better. My giving you option to choose one topic does not mean that you are not allowed to make composition for the other topics. So, you must at least make one but you can make more compositions.

Class Evaluation Feedback

Dear students,
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The steps are as follows:

1. Click the student feedback link.
2. Fill in the form by clicking on the option and write comment in the column.
3. Click Finish survey.

Student Feedback Link

Degrees of Comparison

The Comparative construction is used when we want to compare an object with another/some others. The common construction is by using adjective+er/est or more/most+adjective. But there are also some irregularities especially on some adjectives such as: good, bad, little and far. The comparative does not only use adjective but also use adverb. Of course it is used when an action of an agent is compared to the other action done by other agent.
The following link is useful for you to know more about Degrees of Comparison.

1. http://3nglish7.blogspot.com/2010/02/degrees-of-comparison.html
2. http://www.english-for-students.com/Degrees-of-Comparison.html
3. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/adjectives.htm 
4. http://catatanbahasainggris.blogspot.com/2009/03/comparative-and-superlative-adverbs.html 
5. http://learningnerd.wordpress.com/2006/09/02/english-parts-of-speech-adjectives-determiners-and-adverbs/ 

and exercises:

1. http://www.learnenglish.be/gr2_degrees_study.htm 
2. http://www.learnenglish.be/gr2_degrees_ex2.htm 
3. http://www.learnenglish.be/gr2_degrees_ex3.htm 
4. http://www.learnenglish.be/gr2_degrees_ex4.htm 
5. http://www.learnenglish.be/gr2_degrees_ex5.htm 
6. http://www.better-english.com/grammar/comparatives.htm 
7. http://www.better-english.com/grammar/comp2.htm 

TASK V: Friends' Comment and Self-Assessment

This task will consist of two activities. First is giving comment to friend's composition. The second one is making self-assessment.

A. Give comment:

1. Please refer to your friend's composition
2. Come to this address: Comment to Friend's Writing
3. Write down your name in "Anonymous".
4. Write your comment in "Write your message here"
5. Add image or link if you want to.
6. Click OK.

B. Self-Assessment
Please see your composition and score yourself by using the following rubric.

Give score on each category and the total on wallwisher.com.  To do so, please:
1. Come to this address: Self-Assessment
2. Double Click everywhere you want.
3. Write down your name in "Anonymous".
4. Write your comment in "Write your message here"
5. Add image or link if you want to.
6. Click OK.

NOTICE: DO NOT USE COMMENT MENU! Comment menu is only for questioning if you find difficulties.

Some links on BSP and Agreement

The following links can help you study  Basic Sentence Pattern and Agreement:

1. http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.asp 
2. http://www.yourdictionary.com/grammar-rules/20-Rules-of-subject-verb-agreement.html 
3. http://www.usciences.edu/writing/handouts/ss/SS06-BasicSentencePatterns.pdf 
4. Grammar Term 
5. Sentence Construction
6. Sentence Subject 
7. Sentence Objects, Predicates and Complements 

Task IV

Choose one of the above pictures, make a description in 100 words.

TASK III

IDENTIFY THE SUBJECT AND OBJECT (IF IT IS TRANSITIVE) OF EACH SENTENCE FROM THE FOLLOWING STORY. THE ANSWER MUST BE SUBMITTED BEFORE OCTOBER, 11, 2011

THE DONKEY AND THE COTTON

(1)There once lived a salt merchant. (2)He had a donkey for his assistance. (3)Every morning, he would load a sack of salt on the donkey and go to the nearby town to sell it. (4)On the way, they had to walk across a pond.

(5)One day, while crossing the pond, the donkey thought,” (6)Ooh! This load is so heavy that I become exhausted very soon. (7)I wish I could get some of this load taken off my back.” (8)Just then the donkey tripped and fell into the water.

(9)Fortunately, the donkey was not hurt. (10)But the sack of salt on the donkey’s back fell into the water. (11)Both the donkey and the salt became wet. (12)Some of the salt in the sack got dissolved, making the load on the donkey lighter. (13)The donkey felt very happy about the reduction in the weight of the sack of salt on its back. (14)The merchant did his best to help the donkey to get up and they carried on their journey.

(15)From that day, it became a regular practice for the donkey to slip and fall in the pond whenever they crossed the pond to the market. (16)This would dissolve some salt in the sack thus reducing the weight and relieving the donkey of some load. (17)The merchant was not aware of the donkey’s cunningness. (18)This continued for a few days.

(19)One day, the merchant noticed the donkey deliberately slipping and landing with the sack into the water. (20) “Oh! So this is the way I am losing my salt everyday” he thought. (21)He decided to teach the donkey a lesson.

(22)Next morning, instead of loading a sack of salt, the merchant loaded a sack of cotton on the donkey’s back. (23)As usual they had decided to reach the market by crossing the same pond. (24)While crossing the same pond, the donkey, as usual, slipped and fell into the pond, hoping that after some time the weight of the sack would go reduced. (25)As usual, both the donkey and the cotton would become wet. (26)But this time, when he got up, the load on his back seemed heavier. (27) “Ooh! The Load seems to have gotten heavier,” thought the donkey. (28)The donkey was astonished at what had taken place against the usual result.

(29)The merchant looked at the donkey and said, “Dear friend, I saw you fall into the water of the pond deliberately every day with the malicious intention of reducing the weight of the salt. (30)So, I loaded a sack of cotton today. (31)Cotton when wet gets more weight and becomes heavier. (32)Now you will have to carry it to the town.” (33)The poor donkey had learnt his lesson.

Taken from: http://www.english-for-students.com/The-Donkey-and-The-Cotton.html 

Example:
Sentence: Search Engine is very useful for a person in finding term.
Answer: Write down only the number, S for Subject, O for Object.
              S. Search Engine.
             O. -

Task II

Buatlah  Kalimat dengan pola

1. Negative,
2. Interrogative (Yes/No and Question-word Questions)

 yang mengandung unsur berikut:
(1) S P
(2) S P C
(3) S P O
(4) S P IO DO
(5) S P DO prep IO
(6) S P O C.
Anda boleh memilih dari (1) sampai (6) untuk pola negative maupun interrogative. Jadi anda hanya diminta untuk membuat 6 kalimat saja.
Setelah itu, dari masing-masing kalimat, buatlah dalam pola Imperative (positive (6 kalimat) maupun negative (6 kalimat)). Bisa pula command atau request.
Sehingga anda membuat seluruhnya: 18 kalimat.
"Tidak boleh ada kalimat yang sama dibuat oleh mahasiswa yang berbeda. Setiap mahasiswa membuat kalimatnya sendiri-sendiri."
Isikan sebelum tanggal 5 Oktober. 

TASK 1

Bacalah dulu materi kuliah 1, kemudian bacalah soal, masukkan jawaban anda di form comment sebelum tanggal 25 September 2011

soal

Identify each element of the sentences

Example:

The new car is expensive.

S: The new car

P: is

C: expensive

1.       The train has arrived.

2.       The plane is taking off.

3.       The convict collapsed.

4.       The man is a political criminal.

5.       The people in the meeting are police officers.

6.       Honesty is the best policy.

7.       New theories often sound promising.

8.       The students have just finished their assignments.

9.       Not many people master political sciences.

10.   The students did not understand the instructions.

11.   Some people hate politics.

12.   My friend sent me some postcards.

13.   We borrow him some books.

14.   They bought us a new computer.

15.   The boy threw the dog a stone.

MATERI KULIAH 1. UNSUR KALIMAT DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

Sebelum kita bahas tentang unsur-unsur pendukung kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris, perlu anda ketahui dahulu tentang hirarki dalam bahasa. Hirarki tersebut bisa kita lihat dalam diagram berikut.

Dari diagram diatas dapat dilihat bahwa paragraph tersusun dari kumpulan kalimat-kalimat. Kalimat (sentence) tersusun oleh klausa (clause) atau juga kalimat adalah klause itu sendiri. Sementara kalimat ataupun klausa tersusun dari frase (phrase), dan frase tersusun oleh adanya kata. Kata terdiri dari kumpulan huruf yang membentuk makna.

Dalam hal ini kita akan belajar tentang unsur pendukung kalimat atau biasa dikenal dengan Basic Sentence Pattern (Pola Kalimat Dasar).

Yang pertama-tama perlu diingat adalah adanya perbedaan antara Bahasa Inggris dengan bahasa Indonesia dalam Pola Kalimat Dasar. Perbedaannya adalah dalam bahasa Inggris setiap kalimat selalu mengandung verb (kata kerja). Ini tidak selalu kita temukan dalam bahasa Indonesia.

Sebagai contoh:

Dua-duanya memiliki Kata kerja:

Indo:

Saya minum madu setiap hari.

Inggris:

I drink honey everyday.

Dalam Bahasa Indonesia tidak memiliki kata kerja, dalam bahasa inggris memiliki kata kerja:

Indo:

Amelia gadis yang cantik.

Inggris:

Amelia is a beautiful girl.

Pada contoh  kalimat diatas bisa dilihat bahwa sebuah kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris selalu membutuhkan verb (kata kerja).

Kata yang digarisbawahi tersebut adalah kata kerja. Kata drink adalah proper verb, sementara kata is adalah linking verb.

Jadi, bila dalam kalimat yang anda buat tidak ada kata kerjanya (kalimat nominal), maka harus anda isi kata kerjanya dengan linking verb atau be.

Be berubah sesuai dengan tenses dan subject kalimat.

Subject	Tense
	Present	Past	Perfect	Future/setelah modal
I	am	was	been	be
You	are	were	been	be
we	are	were	been	be
They	are	were	been	be
He	is	was	been	be
She	is	was	been	be
It	is	was	been	be

POLA KALIMAT DASAR

Di dalam suatu naskah pidato, karangan atau tulisan ilmiah, bisa kita temukan beberapa jenis kalimat dengan berbagai variasi bentuknya. Namun demikian kalimat-kalimat yang panjang atau kompleks sebenarnya hanyalah suatu perluasan dari kalimat-kalimat sederhana, atau kalimat dasar. Di dalam Bahasa Inggris kita mengenal pola kalimat dasar antara lain: (1) S P, (2) S P C, (3) S P O, (4) S P IO DO, (5) S P DO prep IO, dan (6) S P O C.

Adv=    time                 when

Place               where

Manner           how

Reason                        why

cause

            frequency        how often

Contoh:

1.      Subject + Predicate.

The baby is sleeping.

The visitors left.

The train has arrived.

The plane is taking off.

The convict collapsed.

2.      Subject + Predicate + Complement

The new car is expensive.

The man is a political criminal.

The people in the meeting are police officers.

Honesty is the best policy.

New theories often sound promising.

3.      Subject + Predicate + Object

Everybody is talking about the game.

The students have just finished their assignments.

Not many people master political sciences.

The students did not understand the instructions.

Some people hate politics.

4. Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object.

My friend sent me some postcards.

We borrow him some books.

They bought us a new computer.

The boy threw the dog a stone.

My father gave me some money.

5.      Subject + Predicate + Direct Object + Preposition + Indirect Object.

My friend sent some postcards to me.

We borrow some books from him.

They bought a new computer for us.

The boy threw a stone at the dog.

My father gave some money to me.

6. Subject + Predicate + Object + Complement.

We appointed him chairman.

She considered me brother.

He called us traitors.

We believe him true.

They thought me wrong.

* Bila ada pertanyaan mengenai Materi Kuliah 1 silahkan tulis di comment.

LIST OF TOPICS OF STRUCTURE I

1.       Basic Sentence Patterns:

1. S+P (Int. V), S+P (LV)+C, S+P (Tr)+O, S+P(Doubl.Tr.V)+O+O, S+P (cert.tr.v)+O+C)
2. Affirmative
3. Negative,
4. Interrogative (Yes/No and Question-word Questions),
5. Imperative (form: positive, negative), (Function: Command, request).

2.       Subject (Sentence Components)

1. Pronoun
2. Noun
3. Compound Noun
4. Noun-Phrase
5. Noun-Clause
6. Gerund (gerund-phrase)
7. Infinitive (phrase)
8. Adjective
9. Prepositional phrase

3.       Object (Sentence Components)

1. Pronoun
2. Noun
3. Compound Noun
4. Noun-Phrase (Simple Construction)
5. Noun-Clause (Simple Construction)
6. Gerund (gerund-phrase)
7. Infinitive (phrase)

4.       Agreement (Concord)

1. Subject ó Predicate (concord in Person and Number)
2. Number ó Noun

                                         i.    Count-Noun and Non-count-noun

                                        ii.    Noun Determiner

                                       iii.    Collective Noun

                                      iv.    Individuals vs. collective

5.       Adverb of Manner and Adjective

1. Degrees of comparison (Adverb of Manner and Adjective)
2. Comparison Patterns and Determiner

6.       Adverbs of Time, of Frequency, of Manner, of Place, and of comment.

1. Adverb Order
2. Variation and particular cases

7.       Tenses, Adverb of Frequency and Adverb of Time

1. Present, Past, and Present Perfect

                                         i.    Affirmative

                                        ii.    Negative

                                       iii.    Interrogative

2. Past and Past Perfect

                                         i.    Affirmative

                                        ii.    Negative

                                       iii.    Interrogative

3. Future and Future Perfect

                                         i.    Affirmative

                                        ii.    Negative

                                       iii.    Interrogative

8.       Continuous Tense:

1. Present

                                         i.    Affirmative

                                        ii.    Negative,

                                       iii.    Interrogative (Yes/No and Question-word Questions)

2. Past

                                         i.    Affirmative

                                        ii.    Negative,

                                       iii.    Interrogative (Yes/No and Question-word Questions)

3. Future

                                         i.    Affirmative

                                        ii.    Negative,

                                       iii.    Interrogative (Yes/No and Question-word Questions)

9.       Tenses and Passive Voice

1. Present, Past, and Present Perfect

                                         i.    Affirmative,

                                        ii.    Negative,

                                       iii.    Interrogative

2. Past and Past Perfect

                                         i.    Affirmative,